时间：2022年5月27日（星期五）15:00-17:00
会议号：腾讯会议295 997 276
主办：www.bob.com、湖北洪山实验室
承办：园艺林学学院
报告人1：林啸 15:00-15:40
题目：利用光果龙葵基因组和效应子组学发掘新的马铃薯晚疫病抗性基因
Solanum americanum genomes and effectoromics uncover new resistance genes against potato late blight
摘要：马铃薯晚疫病曾造成爱尔兰大饥荒，如今晚疫病仍然在世界范围内流行，严重影响马铃薯的产量。造成晚疫病的是一种卵菌，致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)。光果龙葵(Solanum americanum)是一种野生茄科植物，大部分光果龙葵材料都抗晚疫病，所以它被认为是晚疫病的非寄主植物。Jones实验室已经克隆并发表了两个光果龙葵中的晚疫病抗性基因基因：Rpi-amr1 和Rpi-amr3及其对应的无毒基因AVRamr1和AVRmar3。我们发现AVRamr3在卵菌中高度保守，通过识别不同卵菌中的AVRamr3同源基因，Rpi-amr3不仅能对晚疫病菌产生抗性，还能在烟草中产生寄生疫霉(P. paraisitca)和棕榈疫霉(P. palmivora)的抗性。同时，我们发现Rpi-amr1和Rpi-amr3需要依赖下游的NRC基因产生抗性。和最近解析的ZAR1抗病小体不同， Rpi-amr1和Rpi-amr3识别效应子后并不形成抗病小体，而是激活NRC蛋白形成抗病小体。为了从光果龙葵中克隆更多的抗病基因，我们通过三代测序技术拼装了4个高质量光果龙葵的参考基因组，并对52个光果龙葵材料进行了重测序，同时通过SMRT-抗病基因富集测序(RenSeq)技术，构建了光果龙葵的元抗病基因组(Pan-NLRome)。我们又通过效应子组学，在52个光果龙葵材料中高通量的筛选了300多个致病疫霉中的RXLR类效应子。结合这些基因型和表型数据，我们通过全基因组关联分析，混池抗病基因富集测序等技术，快速克隆了三个新的晚疫病抗性基因及其对应的无毒基因。我们又通过瞬时表达、CRISPR-Cas9敲除和稳定转化等实验验证了这些新的抗性基因。这个研究最终能帮助我们将马铃薯变成晚疫病的非寄主。
Potato late blight triggered the Irish famine and remains a problem today. The causal agent is the notorious oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans – the plant and R gene destroyer. Solanum americanum is a globally distributed, wild Solanaceae plant, and most S. americanum accessions are highly resistant to late blight. Our lab already cloned and published two Rpi genes from S. americanum: Rpi-amr1 and Rpi-amr3 and their corresponding Avr genes Avramr1 and Avramr3 from P. infestans. And we found Rpi-amr1 and Rpi-amr3 require helper NRC genes to execute their immunity. Unlike the recently published ZAR1 resistosome, Rpi-amr1 and Rpi-amr3 active NRC to form resistosome-like oligomer upon effector recognition. To discover more Rpi genes from S. americanum, we generated high-quality reference genomes of four S. americanum accessions, re-sequenced 52 AMR accessions, and constructed its Pan-NLRome. We further screened for an interactome of ~300 P. infestans RXLR effectors with 52 AMR accessions. Using these genotypic and phenotypic data, we cloned three novel Rpi genes that can recognize different RXLR effectors from P. infestans. The gene function was verified by transient expression assay, CRIPSR-Cas9 knockout and stable transformation in Nicotiana benthamiana S. americanum or potato. This study allows us to understand the effector-triggered immunity (ETI) landscape of S. americanum and P. infestans, and we developed a pipeline that enables fast R gene cloning from wild crop relatives, which will ultimately assist breeders to turn potato into a “nonhost” plant of late blight.
报告人2：刘斌 15:40-16:20
题目：利用基因编辑和分子标记技术创制甜瓜新种质
Implementation of CRISPR/Cas9 and marker assistant breeding technology in melon to create new germplasm
摘要：CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑和分子标记辅助育种技术问世以来，对推动现代育种发展起到了重要作用，在部分农产品上创造了一些之前很难获得的新品种。甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)作为常见的园艺作物，具有重要的经济价值。然而，由于基础研究滞后、转基因体系不成熟等原因，基因编辑及分子标记辅助育种技术难以在甜瓜上应用，因而生产上甜瓜新品种的选育还是以传统育种为主。为突破该瓶颈，一方面我们建立了甜瓜高效转基因及基因编辑平台，并利用果实成熟关键基因CmNAC-NOR，创制了长货架期甜瓜种质；另一方面，我们组装了高质量的甜瓜基因组，并根据重测序数据建立了甜瓜高效育种平台，快速聚合果实颜色优异基因，创制不同果肉颜色的甜瓜新种质。
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and molecular marker-assisted breeding technology have played an important role in promoting the development of modern breeding, and created some new varieties of agricultural products that were difficult to obtain before. Melon (Cucumis melo L.), as a common horticultural crop, has important economic value. However, due to the lag in fundamental research and unstable transgenic systems, gene editing and molecular marker-assisted breeding technologies are difficult to apply in melon, so the selection and breeding of new melon varieties in production is still dominated by traditional breeding. In order to break through this bottleneck, on the one hand, we have established an efficient transgenic and gene editing platform for melon, and used the key gene of fruit ripening CmNAC-NOR to create melon germplasm with a long shelf life; on the other hand, we have assembled a high-quality melon genome, based on the resequencing data, a melon high-efficiency breeding platform was established to rapidly aggregate functional genes of fruit color and created new melon germplasms with different flesh colors.
报告人3：王英力 16:20-17:00
题目：柔性传感器用于生物体信息的原位无损监测研究
Research on Flexible Sensors Used for in-situ Non-destructive Monitoring of Biological Information
摘要：智慧农业是“十四五”时期乃至2035年我国农业高质量发展的重要内容，传感器作为智慧农业的信息之源，在推动智慧农业发展中具有举足轻重的作用。而常规传感器件大都采用刚性材料制造，难以贴合生物体的表面，干扰生物正常生理过程，不能在生物体表面持续监测。因此，本研究选择了较低弹性模量的材料为基底构建柔性传感器，结合具备分子识别能力的表面增强拉曼散射（Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering, SERS）技术和无创样品提取技术，成功实现了体内微量化合物的实时动态检测。为了进一步拓展柔性传感器的应用范围，还引入了太赫兹（Terahertz, THz）技术，解决了该柔性SERS传感器难以直接检测微生物的技术难题，设计并制备了可用于检测微生物的智能包装，实现了致病菌生长和代谢过程的监测。以上研究结果为柔性光学传感器在生物体信息无损感知领域的应用提供理论基础与方法依据，为评估生物体健康状态提供了一种通用、灵敏的分子跟踪手段。
Developing smart agriculture is an important part of China’s high-quality agricultural development strategy during the 14th Five Year Plan period and even to 2035. As the source of information, sensors play a pivotal role in promoting the smart agriculture. However, most of the conventional sensing devices are made of rigid materials. It is difficult for these kinds of devices to coat the surface of the organism since they would interfere with the normal physiological process of the organism, which means they cannot be used for continuous monitoring on the surface of the organism. In this research, a material with a lower elastic modulus as the substrate to construct flexible sensor is adopted with the combination with the Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) technology capable of molecular recognition and non-invasive sample extraction technology, which makes the real-time dynamic detection of trace compounds in organism successful. In order to expand the application fields of flexible sensors further, terahertz (THz) technology is introduced to solve the technical problem that it is difficult to for flexible SERS sensor to detect microorganisms directly. Besides, an intelligent package that can be used to detect microorganisms is designed and fabricated, which realizes the monitoring of the growth and metabolic process of pathogenic bacteria. The research findings above-mentioned set a basis for the application of flexible optical sensors in non-destructive sensing of biological information theoretically and methodologically, and provide a general and sensitive method for molecular tracking in assessing the health status of organisms.